Since powerful elites within a society could not be expected to give up control voluntarily, the Communists advocated a violent revolution. They also sought to abolish religious institutions. The Communists aimed to eliminate all national, social, and economic distinctions between people. Many of these movements looked to the Soviet Union, then the only communist state, for leadership.
There were communist movements in nearly every industrialized country of the world. The USSR actively sought to foment a world communist revolution in the name of the international working class. Soviet territory included the countries of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus (Belorussia), among others. The Bolshevik coup led to a civil war that resulted in Communist control over most of the former Russian Empire. In 1918, the Bolshevik Party was renamed the Communist Party. This revolution was followed by a coup in October 1917 in which Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik Party seized power. The imperial regime was replaced with a provisional government. In February 1917, a popular revolution ousted the Russian tsar. The Soviet Union was the result of the collapse of the Russian Empire and of the Russian Civil War (1917–1922). During World War II, the USSR was ruled by dictator Josef Stalin. The Soviet Union-as it is often called-was a communist dictatorship based in Moscow.
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formally established as a state in 1922.
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